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Framing the Jina: Narratives of Icons and Idols in Jain History, by John Cort
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John Cort explores the narratives by which the Jains have explained the presence of icons of Jinas (their enlightened and liberated teachers) that are worshiped and venerated in the hundreds of thousands of Jain temples throughout India. Most of these narratives portray icons favorably, and so justify their existence; but there are also narratives originating among iconoclastic Jain communities that see the existence of temple icons as a sign of decay and corruption. The veneration of Jina icons is one of the most widespread of all Jain ritual practices. Nearly every Jain community in India has one or more elaborate temples, and as the Jains become a global community there are now dozens of temples in North America, Europe, Africa, and East Asia. The cult of temples and icons goes back at least two thousand years, and indeed the largest of the four main subdivisions of the Jains are called Murtipujakas, or "Icon Worshipers." A careful reading of narratives ranging over the past 15 centuries, says Cort, reveals a level of anxiety and defensiveness concerning icons, although overt criticism of the icons only became explicit in the last 500 years. He provides detailed studies of the most important pro- and anti-icon narratives. Some are in the form of histories of the origins and spread of icons. Others take the form of cosmological descriptions, depicting a vast universe filled with eternal Jain icons. Finally, Cort looks at more psychological explanations of the presence of icons, in which icons are defended as necessary spiritual corollaries to the very fact of human embodiedness.
- Sales Rank: #2493594 in Books
- Published on: 2010-01-21
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 6.40" h x 1.20" w x 9.30" l, 1.55 pounds
- Binding: Hardcover
- 416 pages
Review
"This is an invaluable addition to our knowledge of the origins and reception of image worship in India and the debates that it sparked. Too often Jain speculation on major issues is ignored and this meticulously researched book fills an important gap in scholarship."
--Phyllis Granoff, Lex Hixon Professor of World Religions, Yale University
"Framing the Jina is a tour de force which I read with mounting excitement and admiration. Cort's study is firmly grounded on a description of the historical interplay between the highly articulate iconic and aniconic traditions in �vet�mbara Jainism, but its argument carries much further into the broader area of theoretical discourse about the function of scriptural texts and mimetic representation. Its range of reference and clarity of exposition make this book obligatory reading for anybody with an interest in image worship and its opponents, whether in South Asian traditions or the West Asian monotheisms."
--Paul Dundas, Reader in Sanskrit, University of Edinburgh.
About the Author
Associate Professor of Religion, Denison University
Most helpful customer reviews
2 of 2 people found the following review helpful.
Framing Jain History
By Steven Vose
Cort argues that the presence of icons within any religious tradition is never "natural" but imbued with deep ambivalence or anxiety. He begins by showing that images of the Jina, the central founders of the Jain tradition, appear as far back as ca. 100 BCE, which means that the question of how various Jain traditions regard the worship of images has been quite central to shaping the entire tradition, despite the presence of a substantial aniconic tradition since the fifteenth century CE. Today, one need only note that the tradition of the majority of Jains is compelled to label itself "image-worshipping" to understand the deep mark left on the tradition by the debate over whether Jina images were, in Cort's terms, "icons" or "idols". Yet, even the works of many pre-15th-century authors themselves show a deep anxiety about images. This comes out in the discourse of the "living lord" images of Mahavir, which insist that some images of this final Jina were made in his lifetime. It also comes out in the writing on Nandisvara, the continent accessible only to the gods, where hundreds of eternal temples and images exist as a divine pilgrimage place. Cort even ventures into comparing Jain debates over the legitimacy of icon worship after the 15th century with the iconoclastic ideas of early Protestants. As a history of Jain ritual culture and as an intervention into the nature of visual representation in religion, Cort's concept of "framing" helps us to understand the positionality of the wide range of attitudes that Jains, and indeed many religious traditions, hold toward image worship. Cort's important work helps us to theorize about the centrality not of art in religion, but of the anxiety over images within religions. In short, the place of visual representation in religion is anything but "natural", even within "image-worshipping" traditions.
0 of 0 people found the following review helpful.
Very researched book. I am really impressed with his ...
By Naresh R. Shah
Very researched book. I am really impressed with his detailed presentation to explain significance of idol worship in Jainism. This book presents highly scholarly work.
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